| 摘要： 果肉水浸狀(translucency)為影響鳳梨果實品質的一個重要生理劣變，本研究主要目的在探討不同品種鳳梨果實發育期間理化性狀及礦物元素含量與水浸狀生理劣變發生之關係。 鳳梨果實以敲擊聲來判別成熟度，可分成鼓聲、柱聲及肉聲果，且一般認為肉聲果成熟度較高。研究結果顯示，肉聲果之可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、細胞間隙液體量及果肉與細胞間隙總可溶性糖含量皆高於鼓聲果，且同種類果實的下段果肉與細胞間隙之蔗糖及總可溶性糖含量皆高於上段果肉，顯示肉聲果成熟度應高於鼓聲果，且下段果肉之成熟度高於上段果肉。而肉聲果之細胞間隙液體量顯著高於鼓聲果，此與一般肉聲果之果肉水浸狀發生較高之結果一致。 以單一品種不同成熟度之果實作比較，其水浸狀嚴重程度與細胞壁轉化&;#37238;之活性呈顯著正相關。而以不同品種之成熟果實作比較，&;apos;&;apos;台農4號&;apos;&;apos;可溶性糖含量、細胞膜滲漏率均最高，但卻無果肉水浸狀生理劣變發生，而&;apos;&;apos;台農13號&;apos;&;apos;之水浸狀生理劣變最為嚴重，但其細胞膜滲漏率顯著低於&;apos;&;apos;台農4號&;apos;&;apos;，另外，&;apos;&;apos;台農4號&;apos;&;apos;果肉之細胞壁轉化&;#37238;活性也顯著高於&;apos;&;apos;台農13號&;apos;&;apos;，顯示不同品種間果肉水浸狀發生及嚴重程度與細胞膜滲漏率、糖含量及細胞壁轉化&;#37238;活性均無顯著相關性。而礦物元素方面，分析結果亦顯示與果肉水浸狀無顯著相關性。Flesh translucency is an important disorder that influences the fruit quality of pineapples. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between physical-chemical characteristics, mineral elements and flesh translucency among different variety of pineapple fruits during development. The maturity of pineapple fruits can be distinguished by tapping the fruit, which are divided into hollow sound, semi-hollow sound and solid sound fruits, and the solid sound fruits are considered to be more mature. The results indicated that the total soluble solids, titratable acid, the apoplast liquid volume and the total soluble sugars in fruit flesh and apoplast liquid were higher in solid sound fruits than those in hollow sound fruits. In addition, the sucrose and total soluble sugar content in the bottom part of flesh of the same kind of fruit were significantly greater than those in the top part of flesh. The results suggest that the maturity of solid sound fruit and the bottom part of flesh are indeed higher than that of hollow sound fruit and the top part of flesh respectively. The higher volumn of apoplast liquid in the solid fruit is in accord with general observation that solid sound fruit has higher percentage of flesh translucency occurrence. There was a signification correlation between translucency severity and cell wall invertase (CWI) activity in fruit flesh of the same cultivar during development. The total soluble sugar content and memberane leakage were highest in fruit of ''Tainung 4'' (TN4) which however had no occurrence of flesh translucency. The fruit of ''Tainung 13'' (TN13) had the higest severity of flesh translucency but its membrane leakage was lower then TN4’ s. The activity of CWI was also higher in fruit flesh of TN4 than that in TN13. The results suggest that there were no significant relationship between membrane leakage; sugar content, CWI activity and the incidence and severity of flesh translucency among different cultivars of pineapple. There was also no significant correlation between mineral elements content and flesh translucency. |
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