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25
10 月
| 計畫名稱： 臺灣水果香蕉、鳳梨、鳳梨釋迦、番石榴外銷貯運保鮮技術加值運用 |
| 計畫主持人： 林慧玲 |
| 計畫編號： 106農科-6.2.1-科-aM |
| 計畫主管機構： 行政院農業委員會 |
| 計畫執行機構： 國立中興大學 |
| 全程計畫年： 2017 |
| 關鍵字： 香蕉;banana、鳳梨;pineapple、鳳梨釋迦;atemoya、番石榴;guava、外銷;export、寒害;chilling injury |
| 摘要： 本計畫擬建立重要具潛力發展外銷之水果品項貯運技術，並進行技術缺口補強，以增進國際市場競爭力。 臺灣的香蕉品質優良，已有多年外銷歷史，但隨著新品種推出，催熟技術也須隨之更新，以使果品後熟程度一致。而採收與集貨過程所用的保護設備，因清潔及保護能力之考量，亦有更新之必要。 同樣外銷多年的鳳梨，其外銷導向也從加工製罐走向鮮食，但也因輸出鮮果而面臨了果梗發霉的問題。儘管保留長果梗進行二次截切可減少損耗，但仍不及藥劑防腐來得有效且省工，惟藥劑有安全性及對象市場的法規限制之疑慮，因此需針對藥劑進一步研究。此外，輸出鮮果也面臨低溫貯運的寒害問題，現有的低溫貯運技術不足以維持足夠的運銷壽命，故須開發新的貯運方法。 而鳳梨釋迦的外銷歷史雖短，但外銷量逐年攀升，惟其主要市場集中在香港及中國，有必要開發新市場，但也同樣面臨寒害問題，亟需新的貯運方法。 番石榴的主要市場亦較集中，歐洲地區則尚未開發，而番石榴的低溫貯運能力較佳，不易受寒害影響，因此歐洲市場有發展的潛力。惟實際的貯運條件尚未建立，應儘速制訂以搶攻歐洲市場。 計畫成果將撰寫外銷貯運流程技術手冊，並加以推廣，以增進國產水果外銷產值，並提升臺灣水果外銷市場競爭力。The object of this plan is to build a postharvest technology for the important fruits which are able to export, and then improve the technology to increase international competitiveness. The quality of banana in Taiwan is excellent, and had been exported for several years. But with the release of new cultivars, it is necessary to improve the technology of ripening in order to consistent ripening degree of fruits. For better abilities of clean and protection, it is also required to update equipments of harvesting and collecting. The export trend of pineapple in these years is from processing and canning to fresh. But due to export fresh fruits, the problem of fruit stalk mildewing is revealed. Although we can reduce loss by keep long fruit stalk to repeat cut, it is more effective and convenient by using pesticides to avoid mildewing. But there are doubts about safety of pesticides and the law of target country, therefore it is necessary to further research the pesticides. Besides, exporting fresh fruits can cause chilling injury problem by low-temperature transport. It is not enough to maintain transport life by existing technology, therefore we have to develop new storage and transport technology. The export experience of atemoya is less than the first two fruits, but the amount of export is gradually increased in these years. Nevertheless, the main markets are concentrated in Hong-Kong and China, it is necessary to develop new markets. Similarly, exporting can cause chilling injury problem, therefore developing new storage and transport technology is necessary. The export markets of guava are concentrated in several countries in addition to Europe. The low-temperature transport ability of guava is better than the first three fruits, and cause less influence of chilling injury. Therefore, European markets are worth to be developed. However, the condition of storage and transport is not setup yet. It should be setup as soon as possible in order to obtain European markets. The results of this plan will be aggregated into a technological manual of export, to increase price and competitiveness of export fruits. |
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