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23
10 月
果樹育種、生產及採後處理之技術研發─提升番石榴週年品質、耐逆境指標、改變大氣組成貯運技術之建立及優質番石榴基因型選育
| 計畫名稱： 提升番石榴週年品質、耐逆境指標、改變大氣組成貯運技術之建立及優質番石榴基因型選育 |
| 計畫主持人： 林慧玲 |
| 計畫編號： 101農科-9.2.2-糧-Z1(4) |
| 計畫主管機構： 行政院農業委員會 |
| 計畫執行機構： 中興大學園藝學系(所) |
| 全程計畫年： 2012 |
| 關鍵字： 番石榴；耐寒性；耐熱性；葉綠素螢光；電導度；礦物營養；改變大氣組成；寒害；基因型；季節；果實品質；抗氧化力；採收成熟度；guava；chilling tolerance；heat tolerance；chlorophyll fluorescence；electron leakage；mineral nutrition；atmosphere Modification；chilling injury；genotype；season；fruit quality；antioxidant capacity；harvest maturity |
| 摘要： 夏季果實生長快但品質不佳，糖度低，使用不同紙袋進行果實套袋，減緩果實生長速率以生產高品質番石榴果實。調查不同地區果園冬季和夏季果實、葉片和土壤營養成分變化，建立高品質果園最適營養元素含量範圍以及尋求與果實品質下降低之關鑑原因。為因應全球暖化危機導致的全球氣候異常，建立番石榴耐逆境指標，調查不同番石榴品種的耐寒性及耐熱性，以做為選育耐熱、耐寒新品種的工具，穩定生產。 番石榴( Psidium guajava L.)屬寒害敏感型熱帶水果，利用低溫貯運技術來維持品質與抑制病害受到大幅限制，無法長程運輸；且低溫檢疫處理後往往誘導寒害發生，嚴重阻礙行銷國際市場。本計畫探討改變大氣成份應用於番石榴採後保鮮的技術。擬進行測試不同氧氣與二氧化碳濃度對0℃貯運14天番石榴品質的影響，以尋求適合番石榴貯運的大氣成份，作為氣變包裝技術選擇包材的參考。並且初步以低密度聚乙烯與聚乙烯塑膠袋進行氣變包裝，充填氧氣3、5、7％與二氧化碳2.5、5％完全排列組合之 6種大氣成份，對低溫貯運番石榴品質的影響。計畫結果將有助於外銷番石榴低溫長期貯運與低溫檢疫處理問題的解決。 本計畫的主要目的在於瞭解番石榴基因型間果實品質及抗氧化活力的變異。先前所培育的雜交、自交與開放授粉實生後代及F2族群將用以進行性狀評估，然後再將優良品系加以繁殖。此外，不同發育階段的果實也將進行抗氧化活性、亞硝酸鹽清除力等的分析以探討果實採收成熟度對這些特性的影響。有鑑於全球暖化對果樹生產可能造成的影響，本計畫對於不同季節間各基因型果實品質及抗氧化活力的變化也將進行調查。 The harvested quality of guava fruits is poor in summer, ex. low total soluble solid and texture, due to fast growth rate in high temperature and high soil moisture. Our preliminary test showed that the PE bagging could fasten the growth rate of guava fruit, and paper or net bag replaced PE bag could slow the growth rate down. Extending growth period made the guava quality increase. In this study, we will advanced evaluate the application of bagging techniques. The second object is to establish the standard fertilization model in guava orchard through diagnosis by leaf and soil analytical methods. In addition, it is important to increase the tolerance of guava to stress from abnormal climate due to global warming. Breeding is a basic and simple method to increase the tolerance to stress. We will screen the method and index for stress tolerance in guava for increasing the efficiency of breeding. Guava ( <I>Psidium guajava</I> L.) is a chilling sensitve tropical fruit; therefore, the utilization of cold storage techique to maintain quality and suppress decay is highly limited. The fact that long term cold transportation and cold quarantine treatment usually render severe chilling injury impede exporting for international marketing. The project will investigate the effect of atmosphere modification technology on postharvest handling of guava fruit. Guava samples will be treated with different concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide at 0℃ for 14 days to observe the change of shelf life. Moreover, guava pack with DLPE and PE plastic bag and filled with oxygen 3, 5, 7％ and carbon dioxide 2.5, 5％ also evaluated for fruit quality change at 0℃ for 14 days. The results of this project will be beneficial for establishment of guava long-term cold transportation and cold quarantine technology, which are the bottle neck of guava fruit exporting process. The main purpose of the current project is to understand the variation among guava genotypes in terms of fruit quality and antioxidant activity assessment. Previously established F<SUB>2</SUB> populations as well as the progeny produced by crossing, selfing, or open pollination will be employed in trait evaluation, and the elite lines selected will be propagated. Furthermore, fruits at different developmental stages will be used for analyses of antioxidant activity and nitrite scavenging ability. In view of the probable effect of global warming on fruit production, the changes in fruit quality and antioxidant capacity among genotypes in different seasons will also be evaluated in this project. |
| 共同計畫主持人： 陳幼光；吳俊達 |
| 資源連結： 前往查看 |