| 摘要： 炭疽病為影響果實貯架壽命與外銷之重要因數，為降低此病害所造成的經濟損失，目前以結合化學藥劑、套袋、溫湯處理及田間衛生等之綜合管理為最主要的防治策略，其中化學藥劑為降低田間炭疽病菌族群與密度的最主要方法之一。依據行政院農業委員會所編著植物保護手冊顯示，常用於防治臺灣果樹炭疽病的藥劑包括：氨基甲酸鹽類、三唑類、蛋白質抑制劑、放線菌素、苯並咪唑類以及史托比類殺菌劑等，且多為混合性藥劑。其中三唑類、苯並咪唑類以及史托比類殺菌劑為目前防治果樹炭疽病之主要藥劑。三唑類(Triazoles)為麥角固醇合成抑制劑之一，常用於防治各種植物真菌病害，菲利克更在過去四年中名列台灣十大使用藥劑之一。然根據FRAC的資料顯示，已有炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)對三唑類產生了抗藥性。本計畫將建立台灣果樹炭疽病菌對三唑類之抗感性資料，並分析抗感性菌之間的分子差異性，祈發展能快速診斷田間抗三唑類藥劑之炭疽病菌株的技術平台。Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum, is an important disease and can cuase storage period and export trade reducing in furit crops. For decreasing the economic loss, several strategies are integrated to control fruit anthracnose, including fungicidal application, bagging, dipping crops in hot water and sanitation of field. Among these methods, fungicidal application is one of major stategy for decreasing population and density of anthracnose fungi. According to Plant Protection Manunal, many fungicides are used to control fruit crops anthracnose, including benzimidazoles, triazoles, strobilurins, acid amides, dithiocarbarmates and heterocyclic compounds, and most of fungicides are mixtures. Among these fungicides, triazoles, benzimidazoles and strobilurins, are commonly used for controlling anthracnose. Tirazoles are sterol biosynthesis (demethylation) inhibitors, and this fungicides are useful controlling plant diseases. Hexaconazole, one of triazoles, is top ten fungicide in past 4 years. However, FRAC indicated that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has resistant isolates to triazoles. The objectives of this project are to establish data base of triazoles sensitive or resistant anthracnose fungi in crops, and analyze the molecular difference between sensitive and resistant isolates. Thus, development of detecting triazoles-resistant anthracnose fungi method is necessary. |
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