26 10 月

果樹品種改良與栽培技術改進及採後處理應用-番石榴營養管理無籽化育種及採後保鮮處理技術改進

2020 年 10 月 26 日
政府研究計畫, 總論, 採前處理, 採後處理, 栽培管理技術
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計畫名稱： 果樹品種改良與栽培技術改進及採後處理應用-番石榴營養管理無籽化育種及採後保鮮處理技術改進
計畫主持人： 林慧玲
共同計畫主持人： 陳幼光；吳俊達
計畫編號： 95農科-1.3.2-糧-Z1(8)
計畫主管機構： 行政院農業委員會
計畫執行機構： 中興大學園藝學系(所)
全程計畫年： 2006
關鍵字： 番石榴；礦物營養；果實品質；採收後處理；育種；無籽化；分子標誌；寒害；甲基茉莉酸酯；甲基水楊酸酯；Guava；Mineral Nutrients；Fruits Quality；Postharvest Handling；Breeding；Seedless；Molecular Markers；Chilling Injury；Methyl Jasmonate；Methyl Salicylate
摘要： 本試驗擬從營養管理著手及採後貯運保鮮手段，以提升及穩定番石榴品質為目標。擬探討: 1.(1).葉片無機營養狀態和果實品質之關係(2).砧木及扞插苗對番石榴葉片營養及果實品質之影響:(3).施肥種類及時期。(4).番石榴葉片光合作用效率和品質之關係，以供育種及栽培之參考，以建立高品質之生產模式。(5).建立果實內外銷貯運保鮮流程2.番石榴無籽化育種，進行無籽和有籽或無籽和無籽品種或品系間雜交實生後代的培育及其性狀的評估等。此外，本計畫也將利用逢機增幅多型性核酸片段(RAPD)、簡單序列重複間序列(ISSR)和增幅核酸片段長度多型性(AFLP)等以PCR技術為基礎的分子標記作為區別無籽番石榴品種或品系或與有籽栽培品種遺傳相似度判定的依據，並找尋鑑定與無籽化或其他重要性狀相連鎖的分子標記。此研究的成果將有助於番石榴品種鑑定的參考並提高無籽化育種的育種效率。3.番石榴屬於寒害敏感型產品，利用低溫進行長期貯運或低溫殺蟲檢疫處理較為困難。本試驗之目的在研究甲基茉莉酸酯及甲基水楊酸酯對降低番石榴果實寒害發生之效果，以克服番石榴外銷出口瓶頸。 This study investigated four areas to establish the cultivation and management mode for guava. The first is the relationship between quality and leaf nutrient. The second is the effect of rootstock and cuttings on fruit quality and leaf nutrient. The third is the kinds of fertilizers for guava tree, the fourth is the relationship between photosynthetic characteristic and fruit quality in guava cultivars and fifth improvememnt of postharvest technology.However, guava belongs to chilling-sensitive group of horticultural products and, therefore, is intolerance to long-term transportation orquarantine treatment in a low temperature condition. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate or methyl salicylate treatment on the reducing chilling injury of guava fruits, as well as to breakthrough the exportation bottleneck of guava fruit from Taiwan.Seedless cultivar bredding is important program in Taiwan,this project will continue the work from previous years in breeding for seedlessness, including cultivation of hybrid seedlings derived from [seedless x seeded] or [seedless x seedless] cultivars or lines, and trait evaluation of these hybrid seedlings. In addition, PCR-based molecular markers such as RAPD, ISSR and AFLP will be employed in this project to discriminate between the seedless lines or cultivars received from various sources and to establish the relationship between these seedless collections and commercial seeded cultivars. Molecular markers linked to the seedlessness and other important traits will be identified through marker analysis. The findings from this study will be valuable in guava cultivar identification and in enhancing the efficiency of breeding for seedlessness.
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