| 摘要： 百香果為臺灣夏秋季(5-12 月)重要果樹之一，果實可鮮食或製作為果汁或果醬等加工 品。後因病毒毒於田間蔓延而使栽培面積及產量急速下降，主要造成感染損失的病毒 為百香果木質化病毒(PWV)、百香果斑紋病毒(PaMV)及胡瓜嵌紋病毒(CMV)，其傳播 媒介為蚜蟲或是透過帶病種苗或修剪而擴散。近年來，台農一號百香果(Passiflora edulis x P. edulis f. flavicarpa)為台灣最主要的栽培品種，乃經由雜交育種育成，必須採行無性 繁殖方法以保有其優良特性，隨著外銷市場拓展，對無病毒種苗需求增加，但目前尚 無百香果大規模商業生產組織培養苗系統，使百香果產業發展受到極大限制。 分析百香果成熟植株葉片及嫩梢週年營養需求，可應用在調整培養基成份使各階段培 養效率提升。切取合適大小莖頂進行培養，則為建立百香果無病毒組織培養苗生產體 系之主要策略。本計畫目的為透過了解百香果葉片礦物元素週年生長之營養變化，調 整百香果組織培養各階段之培養基成份，獲得最適生長條件，並配合各階段病毒檢測， 建立百香果無病毒組培苗大量繁殖體系，以符合內外銷市場之種苗需求。Passion fruit is one of the important fruits in Taiwan during summer and autumn (May to December) and its fruits can be eaten fresh or processed as a juice or jam. Due to the spreading of the virus, the rapid decline in field cultivation and production was mainly caused by infections of woody passionfruit virus (PWV), passion fruit mosaic virus (PaMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). These viruses are transmitted by aphids, through infected plants or in the trimming process. In recent years, the main cultivar (Passiflora edulis x P. edulis f. flavicarpa) of passion fruit cultivated in Taiwan is a hybrid and asexual reproduction is adopted to maintain its excellent features. Along with export market development, the demand for virus-free plants is increasing but no large-scale commercial production of passion fruit tissue culture system is available. Hence, the passion fruit industry was extremely restricted. Analysis of the year round nutritional needs of passion fruit in mature leaves and young shoots can help to adjust the composition of the culture medium to enhance the culture efficiency at different stages. Meristem culture is a main strategy used to establish virus-free culture system in passion fruit. The purposes of this project are to analyze the year round mineral content in passion fruit leaves, to adjust passion fruit tissue culture medium ingredients for different reproduction stages, to obtain optimal growth conditions, and to detect virus problems in different culture stages. Through this study, the mass propagation system of virus-free passion fruit could be established and the demands in the export market could be met. |
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